Edad consentimiento para relaciones sexuales en EE.UU.

En Estados Unidos, la edad de consentimiento sexual  significa que a partir de cumplir los aà ±os fijados por ley de cada estado, cualquier persona –varà ³n o mujer– puede tener sexo con quien quiera, a menos que està © incapacitada por otro motivo. Sin embargo, en algunos estados tambià ©n es necesario que en los casos de relaciones sexuales entre dos personas que ya han alcanzado la edad de consentimiento, pero al menos una de ellas es menor de edad, la diferencia de aà ±os entre ambas no puede ser mayor a un nà ºmero fijado por ley, que es lo que se conoce como provisià ³n de diferencia de edad (age gap provision, en inglà ©s). Un ejemplo hipotà ©tico es el siguiente: Margarita Sà ¡nchez tiene 17 aà ±os y vive en Carolina del Norte. Tiene ya edad para otorgar el consentimiento sexual, si asà ­ lo desea. Su novio tiene 20 aà ±os. Esta situacià ³n es correcta dentro del punto de vista legal porque la diferencia de edad entre ellos es de 3 aà ±os. Lo cual està ¡ dentro de la gap provision de ese estado. Por el contrario, si el novio de Margarita tuviese 22 aà ±os, esa relacià ³n serà ­a contraria a la ley, ya que ella es menor de edad y la diferencia entre ellos es superior a los 4 aà ±os.   Edad de consentimiento sexual y provisià ³n de diferencia de edad por estado Los estados està ¡n listados en orden alfabà ©tico. Al final de la lista aparecen los datos de Washington D.C. La edad de consentimiento significa que una vez que se cumplen esos aà ±os se puede consentir libremente para tener relaciones sexuales. La edad de provisià ³n significa que si un miembro de la pareja es menor de edad, el otro no le puede llevar mà ¡s de esos aà ±os. Alabama Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 2 Alaska Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 3 Arizona Edad de consentimiento: 18Provisià ³n diferencia de edad: 2 Arkansas Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 3 California Edad de consentimiento: 18Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Carolina del Norte Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 4 Carolina del Sur Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Colorado Edad de consentimiento: 17Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 4 Connecticut Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 2 Dakota del Norte Edad de consentimiento: 18Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Dakota del Sur Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 3 Delaware Edad de consentimiento: 18Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Florida Edad de consentimiento: 18Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Georgia Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Hawaii Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 5 Idaho Edad de consentimiento: 18Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Illinois Edad de consentimiento: 17Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad:0 Indiana Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad:0 Iowa Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 4 Kansas Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Kentucky Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Louisiana Edad de consentimiento: 17Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 3 Maine Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 5 Maryland Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 4 Massachusetts Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Michigan Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Minnesota Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 2 Mississippi Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 2 Missouri Edad de consentimiento: 17Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad:0 Montana Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Nebraska Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Nevada Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Nuevo Hampshire Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Nueva Jersey Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 4 Nuevo Mà ©xico Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 4 Nueva York Edad de consentimiento: 17Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Ohio Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Oklahoma Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Oregà ³n Edad de consentimiento: 18Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 3 Pennsylvania Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 4 Rhode Island Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Tennessee Edad de consentimiento: 18Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 4 Texas Edad de consentimiento: 17Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 4 Utah Edad de consentimiento: 18Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 10 Vermont Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Virginia Edad de consentimiento: 18Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Virginia Occidental Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 4 Washington Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 2 Wisconsin Edad de consentimiento: 18Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 0 Wyoming Edad de consentimiento: 16Provisià ³n de diferencia de edad: 4 Washington D.C. Edad de consentimiento: 16 Consecuencias de relaciones sexuales sin respetar edad de consentimiento y provisià ³n Tener sexo con una persona que no tiene edad para consentir o que, aà ºn tenià ©ndola, no se respete la provisià ³n de edad podrà ­a ser un delito de violacià ³n o de estupro. Las condenas por estos delitos pueden tener efectos penales y migratorios por constituir un felonà ­a agravada o un delito considerado inmoral o una falta, conocido en inglà ©s como misdemeanor. El nombre de esta felonà ­a o falta dependiendo del caso puede recibir diferentes nombres como rape,  estatutory rape, sexual assault, sexual misconduct, child molestation, corruption of a minor, etc. Dependiendo del estado y tambià ©n de las circunstancias de cada caso, la condena por puede ser castigad de cà ¡rcel y/o multa. El castigo es siempre mayor cuando mà ¡s grande sea la diferencia de edad entre la và ­ctima y el victimario. Ademà ¡s, una condena por esta causa puede tener consecuencias de deportacià ³n para los migrantes. Ademà ¡s,  tanto en los casos de delito o falta se puede ser condenado a ser incluido en el Registro de Delincuentes Sexuales (sex offenders). Si bien en algunos estados esto à ºltimo no es asà ­ cuando aplica la excepcià ³n que se conoce como Romeo y Julieta, que aplica a adolescentes (13-19 aà ±os) y que puede tambià ©n como defensa. Aplican la excepcià ³n de Romeo y Julieta en: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Carolina del Norte, Colorado, Connecticut, Dakota del Sur, Hawaii, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nueva Jersey, Nuevo Mà ©xico, Oregà ³n, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia Occidental, Washington y Wyoming. Cabe destacar que es siempre un delito mantener relaciones sexuales con un  menor que todavà ­a no ha alcanzado la edad de consentimiento segà ºn las leyes del estado en el que reside . Eso es asà ­ aunque el menor està © de acuerdo en tener esas relaciones porque, en realidad, no tiene capacidad legal para dar consentimiento. Ademà ¡s,  todos los casos en los que se tiene relaciones sexuales en los que una de las partes no consiente es un delito de violacià ³n forzada, que està ¡ castigado muy duramente por la ley. Esto es asà ­ cualquiera que sea la edad de la và ­ctima. Desde el punto de vista migratorio, es un delito agravado. Quà © hacer si se es và ­ctima de este delito de estupro La và ­ctima, sus padres o guardianes pueden acudir a la policà ­a o a la oficina de la Fiscalà ­a para poner fin a esta situacià ³n.   Ademà ¡s  està ¡n obligados a poner estos hechos en conocimiento de las autoridades maestros, mà ©dicos y demà ¡s profesionales que tengan conocimiento de ellos por su trabajo. Es importante que las và ­ctimas busquen todo el apoyo que necesiten, incluido el psicolà ³gico. Por à ºltimo  las và ­ctimas de asalto sexual que està ¡n en situacià ³n de indocumentadas podrà ­an recibir alivio migratorio. Acusado falsamente de estupro y la defensa de error de edad Ya que ser acusado de estupro es un cargo muy serio, toda persona acusada falsamente de una de estas acciones debe  contactar inmediatamente con un abogado penalista. Si ademà ¡s se està ¡ en Estados Unidos con un estatus distinto al de ciudadano, solicitar un letrado que tambià ©n tenga conocimientos migratorios. Ademà ¡s  tener en cuenta que algunos estados permiten la defensa de error de edad, cuando el menor puede parecer que es mayor de edad. Son los siguientes: Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Missouri, Montana, Nueva York, Pennsylvania, Virginia Occidental, Washington y Wyoming. Otras conductas delictivas sexuales a tener en cuenta En todos los estados es legal para los adolescentes ponerse de novios, abrazarse, darse la mano e incluso besarse. Pero en algunos estados es ilegal acciones como tocarse por debajo de la cintura, asà ­ sea por encima de la ropa, cuando se trate de relaciones entre una persona mayor de edad y otra menor de edad. Esto es lo que se conoce como 3ra base.   Quà © pueden hacer los padres cuando no està ¡n de acuerdo con el consentimiento sexual de los hijos No confundir la edad de consentimiento sexual con  la mayorà ­a de edad.  Son cosas diferentes. En la mayorà ­a de los estados la edad del consentimiento sexual es mà ¡s temprana que la mayorà ­a de edad. Esto significa que aunque los menores de edad  pueden tener la edad de consentimiento y pueden  querer tener sexo con una determinada persona, sus padres o guardianes pueden estar en contra. Y pueden impedirlo obteniendo una orden de alejamiento (restraining order) en contra de la persona que està ¡ manteniendo relaciones sexuales con su hijo/a menor de edad. Puntos clave: edad para consentimiento sexual La mayorà ­a de edad y la edad de consentimiento sexual pueden NO coincidir.Toda relacià ³n sexual antes de la edad de consentimiento es delitoLas relaciones sexuales por encima de la edad de consentimiento pueden ser delito o falta, si en el estado de residencia existe la provisià ³n de edad.Los padres pueden evitar las relaciones sexuales de un menor de edad en edad de consentir sexualmente mediante una orden de alejamientoUn delito o falta de estupro puede tener consecuencias penales, de multa, migratorias y de inclusià ³n en el Registro de Delincuentes Sexuales.Posibles defensas en caso de acusacià ³n de estupro: error de edad y, en algunos casos y para adolescentes, la defensa de Romeo y Julieta. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Good Queen Bess Essay - 799 Words

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Social Phsycology Free Essays

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY FINAL EXAMINATION (CH 12, 13, amp; 14) SPRING 2011 MULTIPLE CHOICE: 3 points each 1. An act performed voluntarily to help someone else when there is no expectation of receiving a reward is known as a. nurturance b. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Phsycology or any similar topic only for you Order Now altruism c. pro-social behavior d. modeling 2. True altruism is defined by a. the circumstances surrounding the behavior b. the person’s intentions c. the person himself or herself d. culture 3. Pro-social behavior is defined as a. any act that helps others, even if it is done to make yourself look good b. a voluntary act to help others with no thought of reward . helping that serves to perpetuate one’s genes d. none of the above 4. Ethan volunteers to help with the local Special Olympics in order to build up his resume for job hunting. His behavior would best be described as a. prosocial behavior b. altruism c. reactance d. reciprocity 5. Researchers have found that we are most likely to be helpful to a. anyone who asks b. strangers c. friends d. all of the above 6. Which of the following is NOT one of the theoretical perspectives on helping described in the text? a. evolutionary psychology b. a learning approach c. a decision-making perspective . social impact theory 7. Evolutionary psychologists have observed that a. prosocial behavior is rare among non-human animals b. prosocial behavior is common among primates, but not in other animal species c. prosocial behavior is observed among animals only when a mother is protecting her young d. prosocial behavior is common among non-human animals 8. Evolutionary theorists believe that altruism among animals and humans persists because a. helping provides the helper with emotional rewards b. helping increases survival value c. helping is rarely risky to the helper d. elping makes an individual appealing to potential sexual partners 9. The notion that any genetically determined trait that has a high survival value will tend to be passed on to the next generation is a cornerstone of a. evolutionary psychology b. genetic determinism c. learning theory d. the nature/nurture debate 10. Sociobiologist Robert Trivers has argued that only ________ is biologically based. a. prosocial behavior b. reactive altruism c. reciprocal altruism d. maternal altruism 11. Laws that require bystanders to an emergency to help a potential victim are based on a a. norm of reciprocity . norm of social justice c. norm of social responsibility d. diffusion of responsibility 12. Which country has the highest murder rate? a. Finland b. Great Britain c. Canada d. the United States 13. According to materials presented in your text, _____ percent of violent crimes are committed by strangers. a. 0. 6 b. 44 c. 56 d. 90 14. In explaining the origins of aggression, Freud focused on the concept of a. childhood learning b. pathological behavior c. instinct d. self-esteem 15. The definition of aggression as â€Å"any behavior that hurts others† would be the preferred definition of a. ognitive dissonance theorists b. exchange theorists c. social impact theorists d. learning theorists 16. One problem with a behaviorist definition of aggression is that does not take into account a. displacement b. learning history c. intentions d. sanctioned aggression 17. An unprovoked criminal act that hurts others would be considered __________ aggression. a. prosocial b. sanctioned c. aggressive d. retaliation 18. You see a television news report featuring a policeman foiling a bank holdup by killing two of the robbers. This is a case of a. reactance b. sanctioned aggression . prosocial aggression d. frustration-aggression 19. You see a television news report featuring a shopkeeper who shot and killed a masked gunman who was trying to rob his store. This is a case of a. covert aggression b. prosocial aggression c. social exchange d. sanctioned aggression 20. One of the most common sources of ________ is an attack or intrusion by another person. a. frustration b. anger c. low self-esteem d. reactance 21. The interference with or blocking of the attainment of a goal is known as a. frustration b. normative blocking c. reactance d. anger 22. A child who sees an adult on television hitting another person and then hits his little brother is engaging in a. disinhibition b. dehumanization c. imitation d. aggression anxiety 23. The realization that health is a psychological as well as a physical issue has given rise to the field of a. epidemiology b. oncology c. psychological anthropology d. health psychology 24. The study of health psychology focuses on a. preventing and treating illnesses b. promoting and maintaining health c. improving the healthcare system d. all of the above 25. The _____ model says health is social, biological, and psychological. . psychosocial b. sociological c. sociobiological d. biopsychosocial 26. Annual cancer deaths in the United States could be reduced by _____ percent if everyone stopped smoking. a. 5-10 b. 25-30 C. 55-60 d. 85-90 27. Your text describes disorders such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes as a. preventable b. epidemic c. political d. ecological 28. Deaths due to vehicular acci dents could be reduced by _____ percent if drunk driving were eliminated. a. 5 b. 20 c. 50 d. 85 29. Which of the following is described by your text as â€Å"preventable? † a. diabetes b. Heart disease c. Cancer d. All of the above 30. Which of the following is classified by your text as a â€Å"health behavior? † a. being no more than ten percent overweight b. not eating between meals c. eating breakfast each day d. all of the above 31. The reason many people do not engage in health behaviors is a. they do not know the behaviors most associated with better health b. they have biological predispositions that encourage unhealthy behavior c. the consequences of health behaviors often do not appear for many years d. all of the above 32. Which of the following is NOT a basic health belief, as identified in your text? a. general health values b. sychological reactance c. self-efficacy d. personal vulnerability T/F (1point each) 33. It is very rare for people to offer help to strangers. F 34. Freud is the person most associated with evolutionary approaches to helping. F 35. An uneven distribution of economic resources in a country is associated with higher murder rates. T 36. Most scientists agree that aggression is learned; it does not come from inherited tendencies. F 37. Health beliefs have not done a very good job of predicting most health behaviors. F 38. Adolescents who engage in risky sexual behaviors are unlikely to use condoms consistently. T How to cite Social Phsycology, Papers

Shakespeare also spelled SHAKSPERE, byname BARD OF Essay Example For Students

Shakespeare also spelled SHAKSPERE, byname BARD OF Essay AVON, or SWAN OF AVONEnglish poet, dramatist, and actor, often called the English national poet andconsidered by many to be the greatest dramatist of all time. Shakespeare occupies a position unique in world literature. Other poets, such asHomer and Dante, and novelists, such as Leo Tolstoy and Charles Dickens, havetranscended national barriers; but no writers living reputation can compare with thatof Shakespeare, whose plays, written in the late 16th and early 17th centuries for asmall repertory theatre, are now performed and read more often and in more countriesthan ever before. The prophecy of his great contemporary, the poet and dramatist BenJonson, that Shakespeare was not of an age, but for all time, has been fulfilled. It may be audacious even to attempt a definition of his greatness, but it is not sodifficult to describe the gifts that enabled him to create imaginative visions of pathosand mirth that, whether read or witnessed in the theatre, fill the mind and linger there. He is a writer of great intellectual rapidity, perceptiveness, and poetic power. Otherwriters have had these qualities, but with Shakespeare the keenness of mind wasapplied not to abstruse or remote subjects but to human beings and their completerange of emotions and conflicts. Other writers have applied their keenness of mind inthis way, but Shakespeare is astonishingly clever with words and images, so that hismental energy, when applied to intelligible human situations, finds full and memorableexpression, convincing and imaginatively stimulating. As if this were not enough, theart form into which his creative energies went was not remote and bookish butinvolved the vivid stage impersonation of human beings, commanding sympathy andinviting vicarious participation. Thus Shakespeares merits can survive translation intoother languages and into cultures remote from that of Elizabethan England. Next **Contents of this article:IntroductionShakespeare the manLifeEarly life in StratfordCareer in the theatrePrivate lifeEarly posthumous documentationThe tributes of his colleaguesAnecdotes and documentsPortraitsThe poet and dramatistThe intellectual backgroundPoetic conventions and dramatic traditionsChanges in languageShakespeares literary debtsTheatrical conditionsChronology of Shakespeares playsPublicationPoetic and dramatic powersThe early poemsThe sonnetsThe order of the poemsArtistic invention or real experienceHuman experience in the poemsThe early playsHenry VI, 1, 2, and 3The Comedy of ErrorsTitus AndronicusThe Two Gentlemen of VeronaThe Taming of the ShrewLoves Labours LostRomeo and JulietThe historiesThe Tragedy of King Richard IIIThe Tragedy of King Richard II1 Henry IV; 2 Henry IVKing JohnHenry VThe Roman playsAntony and CleopatraCoriolanusThe great, or middle, comediesThe outsiderWit and ambiguityThe great tragediesHamletOthelloKing LearMacbethTimon of AthensThe dar k comediesTroilus and CressidaAlls Well That Ends Well; Measure for MeasureThe late playsPericlesCymbelineThe Winters TaleThe TempestHenry VIIICollaborative and attributed playsShakespeares readingUnderstanding ShakespeareSympathetic exploration of the textsCauses of difficultyQuestions of authorshipThe claims put forward for BaconOther candidatesThe case for ShakespeareLinguistic and historical problemsTextual and editorial problemsOvercoming some difficultiesThe contribution of textual criticismHistorical, linguistic, and dramatic studiesLiterary criticismLiterary critics and the theatreThe progress of Shakespeare criticismShakespeares influenceMajor WorksPlaysPoemsBibliographyModern editionsBibliographiesTextual studiesBiographies and background studiesCritical studiesToolsE-mail this articlePrint this articleMore About This TopicArticleImagesIndex EntryInternet LinksMaps